$cockroach allergy cross reactivity$

#Cockroach allergy cross reactivity skin#

found that only 4.2 % of approximately 3,000 children in Dresden, Germany, had specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) (> 0.7 kU/l) to the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), whereby the prevalence of sensitization among asthmatic children was 6.1 %. Whilst cockroach allergen sensitization is one of the greatest risk factors for increased asthma-related morbidity among the low-income population in the US (referred to as the inner-city asthma problem in the US), sensitization rates in Germany and Europe are generally far lower. Allergen exposure in urban areas is on the whole significantly higher than in suburban areas, where, nevertheless, allergen concentrations are measured in as much as 30 % of US households. The frequency of cockroach allergies depends to a great extent on the level of exposure to cockroach allergens. The Periplaneta fuliginosa cockroach, which was originally indigenous only to Japan, Southeast Asia and the Southern United States, has spread worldwide by infesting containers transported either by ship or air.

The domestic cockroaches best investigated as allergen sources include the German cockroach ( Blattella germanica), which dominates in the US in terms of numbers, as well as the American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana) and the oriental cockroach ( Blatta orientalis). Cockroaches are nocturnal and are found primarily in the Tropics and Subtropics. The cockroach order (Blattodea) is made up of more than 4,600 species and its members are found worldwide. The currently known individual allergens of the above-mentioned allergy triggers from the arthropod realm are summarized and their potential use in allergy diagnostics discussed. Particularly in the case of allergen sources with known high cross-reactivity, the use of marker allergens is believed to improve diagnostics. cockroaches and storage mites) in routine diagnostics. However, these individual allergens are only available for a small number of allergen sources (e. Molecular characterisation of numerous individual allergens has already been carried out. At present, only extract-based test systems are available for the majority of allergens in IgE-based diagnostics. Other less known allergen sources include spiders, mosquitos, horseflies, red chironomid larvae, silverfish and ladybugs, as well as a variety of storage pests. In addition to common allergies to house dust mites or hymenoptera venom, there are also rarer allergies that can be attributed to three major sources of allergens: cockroaches, ticks and storage mites. These data demonstrate that helminth glutathione-S transferase and the aeroallergen Bla g 5 share epitopes that can induce allergic cross-sensitization.Arthropods form a broad phylum within the animal kingdom, comprising widely varying members such as insects, arachnids, crabs and centipedes.

#Cockroach allergy cross reactivity skin#

Finally, mice infected with H bakeri developed anti-HbGST IgE and showed immediate-type skin test reactivity to Bla g 5. IgE epitope mapping of Bla g 5 revealed that 2 linear N-terminal epitopes are highly conserved in WbGST corresponding to Bla g 5 peptides partially involved in the inhibition of WbGST binding. Preincubation of sera from cockroach-allergic subjects with WbGST partially depleted (by 50%-70%) anti-Bla g 5 IgE, IgG, and IgG(4) antibodies. Filarial infection was associated with IgE, IgG, and IgG(4) anti-Bla g 5 antibody production, with a significant correlation between antibodies (irrespective of isotype) to Bla g 5 and WbGST (P<. These 2 proteins are 30% identical at the amino acid level with remarkable similarity in the N-terminal region and overall structural conservation based on predicted 3-dimensional models. Mice were infected with Heligmosomoides bakeri, and their skin was tested for cross-reactive allergic responses. The levels of IgE, IgG, and IgG(4) antibodies were measured in filarial-infected and filarial-uninfected patients. We compared the molecular and structural similarities between Bla g 5 and WbGST by in silico analysis and by linear epitope mapping. The objective of this study was to investigate the cross-reactivity between a major glutathione-S transferase allergen of cockroach (Bla g 5) and the glutathione-S transferase of Wuchereria bancrofti (WbGST), a major lymphatic filarial pathogen of humans. The extensive similarities between helminth proteins and allergens are thought to contribute to helminth-driven allergic sensitization.